Clause Types
A clause is a group of words with a subject and a verb. Understanding the different types is key to building complex and meaningful sentences.
Independent Clause
Also known as a main clause, this can stand alone as a complete sentence because it expresses a complete thought.
Examples:
- She sings beautifully.
- The dog barked.
- We went to the park.
Dependent Clause
Also called a subordinate clause, this cannot stand alone. It needs to be connected to an independent clause.
Examples:
- Because she sings beautifully...
- ...when the mailman arrived.
- Although it was raining...
Adjective Clause
A dependent clause that functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun. It often starts with who, which, or that.
Examples:
- The book that I borrowed is interesting.
- The man who lives next door is a doctor.
Adverbial Clause
A dependent clause that functions like an adverb, modifying a verb, adjective, or another adverb. It answers questions like when, where, why, or how.
Examples:
- She danced gracefully because she practiced diligently.
- When the sun sets, the stars appear.
Noun Clause
A dependent clause that functions as a noun in a sentence. It can be a subject, object, or complement.
Examples:
- What she said surprised me. (Subject)
- I don't know why he is late. (Object)
Key Takeaways
- A clause must have a subject and a verb.
- Independent clauses can be complete sentences on their own.
- Dependent (subordinate) clauses cannot stand alone and must be joined to an independent clause.
- Dependent clauses can function as adjectives, adverbs, or nouns.
Exercises and Worksheets
Ready to practice? Test your knowledge with these resources.