Quotation Marks (" ")
Quotation marks are essential for indicating direct speech, quoting text, and identifying the titles of short works. Mastering them is key to clear and honest writing.
What Are Quotation Marks?
Quotation marks are pairs of punctuation marks used to set off direct speech, a quotation, or a specific phrase. They help distinguish someone else's words from your own and are vital for academic integrity and clarity.
When to Use Quotation Marks
| Usage | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Direct Quotations | To enclose the exact words spoken by someone. | She said, "I will be there at noon." |
| Titles of Short Works | For titles of short stories, articles, songs, poems, and TV episodes. | Have you read the poem "The Road Not Taken"? |
| Quoting Within a Quotation | Use single quotation marks for a quote inside another quote. | He explained, "The sign clearly said, 'Do not enter.'" |
| To Indicate a Specific Term | To show that a word or phrase is being used in a special way or is being discussed as a term. | The concept of "democracy" has evolved over time. |
Punctuation with Quotation Marks
A common point of confusion is where other punctuation goes.
| Punctuation | Rule (American English) | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Periods and Commas | Always go inside the closing quotation marks (in American English). | He said, "I am tired." / "I am tired," he said. |
| Question Marks and Exclamation Marks | Go inside if they are part of the quote; go outside if they are not. | She asked, "Are you coming?" / Did he say, "I am ready"? |
| Colons and Semicolons | Almost always go outside the closing quotation marks. | He mentioned three "essential qualities": honesty, integrity, and courage. |
Common Mistake: Emphasis
Do not use quotation marks for emphasis. Use italics or bold text instead. For example, do not write: The sale is "huge"!
Key Takeaways
- Use quotation marks for direct speech and titles of short works.
- In American English, periods and commas always go inside the closing quotation mark.
- Use single quotes for a quotation within another quotation.
- Do not use quotation marks for emphasis or for indirect quotes.
Exercises and Worksheets
Ready to practice? Test your knowledge with these resources.